Distinguish outcome evaluation from process evaluation in behavior change programs. Which statement is correct?

• A. Outcome evaluation assesses end results
• B. Process evaluation examines implementation
• C. Both A and B are true
• D. Neither A nor B is true

Answer: (D)

Evaluating behavior change programs requires looking at both how the program is delivered and what it achieves. Outcome evaluation measures end results, such as changes in the targeted behavior or health outcomes, showing whether the program achieved its goals. Process evaluation examines how the program was implemented—fidelity to the planned protocol, reach and dose of the intervention, participant engagement, and the influence of context on delivery. Both aspects are essential and complementary: process information helps explain why outcomes did or did not occur and guides implementation improvements, while outcome information shows the actual impact. So, the correct interpretation is that both statements describing outcome and process evaluation are true.