In a long-term behavior change program, how should intrinsic and extrinsic motivation be balanced?

• A. Provide heavy financial incentives at program start
• B. Eliminate all extrinsic rewards entirely
• C. Support autonomy and competence while using targeted incentives judiciously
• D. Focus solely on external rewards and short-term outcomes

Answer: (C)

The main concept being tested is how to sustain long-term behavior change by blending internal motivation with appropriate external reinforcement. In the long run, people are more likely to maintain new behaviors if they feel autonomous and competent. Supporting autonomy means offering choices, inviting input, and fostering a sense of control over the change. Building competence involves clear feedback, achievable milestones, and opportunities to experience progress, which strengthens intrinsic motivation. External incentives can help, but they should be used carefully and purposefully so they complement—not undermine—internal drive. Targeted incentives that reinforce effort and mastery, rather than merely rewarding outcomes, can accelerate initial engagement while still allowing intrinsic motivation to take over as the behavior becomes more habitual.

Heavy upfront financial incentives can crowd out intrinsic interest and create dependency, making sustained change unlikely once rewards stop. Eliminating all extrinsic rewards ignores the practical role they can play in initiating and reinforcing new behaviors, especially early on. Focusing only on external rewards and short-term outcomes fails to support internalization, undermining long-term maintenance.